CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) is a widely used thickener, stabilizer and emulsifier. It is a chemically modified cellulose derivative, usually extracted from plant fibers such as cotton or wood pulp. CMC is widely used in the food industry because it can improve the texture, taste and stability of food.
1. Regulations and certifications
International regulations
CMC has been approved for use as a food additive by many international food safety agencies. For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lists it as a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) substance, which means that CMC is considered harmless to the human body at regular usage levels. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) also approves its use as a food additive under the number E466.
Chinese regulations
In China, CMC is also a legal food additive. The national food safety standard “Standard for the Use of Food Additives” (GB 2760) clearly stipulates the maximum usage of CMC in different foods. For example, it is used in beverages, dairy products, baked products and condiments, and the usage is usually within the safe range.
2. Toxicology studies
Animal experiments
Several animal experiments have shown that CMC does not cause obvious toxic reactions at regular doses. For example, long-term feeding of feed containing CMC did not cause abnormal lesions in animals. High-dose intake may cause some digestive system discomfort, but these situations are rare in daily use.
Human studies
Limited human studies have shown that CMC does not have a negative impact on health at normal consumption. In some cases, high-dose intake may cause mild digestive discomfort, such as bloating or diarrhea, but these symptoms are usually temporary and will not cause long-term harm to the body.
3. Functions and applications
CMC has good water solubility and thickening ability, which makes it widely used in the food industry. For example:
Beverages: CMC can improve the taste of beverages and make them smoother.
Dairy products: In yogurt and ice cream, CMC can prevent water separation and improve product stability.
Bakery products: CMC can improve the rheology of dough and enhance the taste of products.
Seasonings: CMC can help sauces maintain a uniform texture and avoid stratification.
4. Allergic reactions and side effects
Allergic reactions
Although CMC is widely considered safe, a small number of people may be allergic to it. This allergic reaction is very rare and symptoms include rash, itching, and difficulty breathing. If these symptoms occur, stop eating and seek medical help immediately.
Side effects
For most people, moderate intake of CMC does not cause side effects. However, large intake may cause digestive discomfort such as bloating, diarrhea, or constipation. These side effects are usually temporary and resolve on their own after reducing intake.
CMC is safe as a food additive. Its wide application and multiple studies have shown that CMC does not cause harm to human health within the scope of use permitted by regulations. However, like all food additives, moderate use is key. When consumers choose food, they should pay attention to the ingredient list to understand the type and amount of additives contained. If you have any concerns, it is recommended to consult a nutritionist or medical professional.