Mortar is a critical component in tile installation as it holds the tiles in place and creates a stable surface for them. Mortar is typically made up of a mixture of sand, cement, and water, and it is used to bond the tile to the surface. There are several types of mortar available for tile installation, each with its own properties and uses. In this article, we will explore the different types of mortar used to install tiles.

1. Thinset Mortar: Thinset mortar is the most commonly used type of mortar in tile installation. It is made up of a mixture of cement, sand, and a water-retaining agent. Thinset mortar comes in both powdered and pre-mixed forms and is used to attach tiles to both floors and walls. This type of mortar is typically used for ceramic, porcelain, and stone tiles. Thinset mortar is known for its strength, durability, and water resistance.
2. Epoxy Mortar: Epoxy mortar is a type of mortar that is made up of two parts – a resin and a hardener. When these two components are mixed together, they form a chemical bond that creates a strong and durable adhesive. Epoxy mortar is ideal for installing tiles in areas that will be exposed to heavy traffic or high levels of moisture. This type of mortar is also resistant to stains and chemicals, making it an excellent choice for commercial kitchens, laboratories, and other industrial settings.
3. Large-Format Tile Mortar: Large-format tile mortar is designed specifically for use with large-format tiles. These tiles are typically larger than 15 inches in any direction, and they require a special type of mortar that can support their weight and size. Large-format tile mortar is made up of a mixture of cement and additives that give it a high level of bonding strength. This type of mortar also has excellent flexibility, which allows it to absorb the movement and expansion of the tiles.
4. Polymer-Modified Mortar: Polymer-modified mortar is a type of mortar that contains a polymer additive. This additive improves the mortar’s strength and flexibility, making it ideal for use in areas with high levels of moisture or where there may be movement or vibration. Polymer-modified mortar can be used with ceramic, porcelain, and natural stone tiles, and it is also an excellent choice for installing tiles over existing tile or other surfaces.
5. Medium-Bed Mortar: Medium-bed mortar is a type of mortar that is used to install large-format tiles that are more than 3/8 inches thick. This type of mortar is made up of a mixture of cement, sand, and additives that give it a high level of bonding strength. Medium-bed mortar is also designed to support the weight of large-format tiles, preventing them from sagging or cracking over time.
6. Self-Leveling Mortar: Self-leveling mortar is a type of mortar that is used to level out uneven surfaces before tile installation. This type of mortar is ideal for use on concrete, wood, and other surfaces that may be uneven or sloped. Self-leveling mortar is easy to apply and spreads evenly over the surface, creating a level and smooth base for the tiles.
7. Mastic Mortar: Mastic mortar is a type of pre-mixed adhesive that is commonly used for small tile installations. This type of mortar is easy to use and requires no mixing or preparation. Mastic mortar is ideal for installing ceramic, porcelain, and glass tiles in areas that are not exposed to moisture or heavy traffic.

In conclusion, there are several types of mortar available for tile installation, each with its own properties and uses. Thinset mortar, epoxy mortar, large-format tile mortar, polymer-modified mortar, medium-bed mortar, self-leveling mortar, and mastic mortar are all commonly used in tile installation, and choosing the right type of mortar depends on the type of tile, the surface it will be installed on, and the environment it will be exposed to. It is important to consult with a professional or follow manufacturer recommendations to ensure that the correct type of mortar is selected for each specific application.